Four central offences
The “Offences Against the Environment” chapter of the Turkish Criminal Code governs intentional and negligent pollution, noise and unauthorised building. Although placed in the same chapter, the offences differ in protected interest, conduct, danger or result requirements and form of fault.
Dependence on administrative law
Provisions such as Articles 181 and 183 connect criminal liability to technical procedures or duties defined by environmental administrative law. This dependence brings technical expertise into criminal proceedings but does not turn every administrative violation into an offence. Legality and the specific statutory elements must be examined separately.
Legal and natural persons
Criminal responsibility of natural persons requires personal fault. Legal persons may be subject only to security measures expressly provided by law. Responsibility within an enterprise must be individualised through actual conduct, functions, knowledge and fault rather than formal title.
Publications
Gülsün Ayhan Aygörmez, Çevreye Karşı Suçlar – Türk ve Alman Çevre Ceza Hukukunda Güncel Sorunlar, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara 2015, ISBN 978-605-05-0011-0. Yetkin Yayınları
Gülsün Ayhan Aygörmez, Çevre Ceza Hukuku – Çevre Ceza Genel Hükümler, Cilt I, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2021, ISBN 978-625-7293-75-4. On İki Levha Yayıncılık